Photolytic and photocatalytic removal of a mixture of four veterinary antibiotics

The removal of a mixture four veterinary antibiotics (VA) – tetracycline (TET), ciprofloxacin (CIP), sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) via photo-degradation (UVC) photocatalysis with TiO2 (UVC/TiO2) was investigated in batch reactor under different initial concentrations (20, 100, 500 1000 ?g/L per antibiotic). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) used determine the these antibiotics. all photolysis around 98–99% after 100 h for TET, 122 CIP, 212 SDZ 240 SMX. Nevertheless, 99–100% 4.2 3.5 7.1 16.5 followed first-order irreversible kinetic model. CIP Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, adsorption considered limiting step. SMX photolytic degradation rate constant (k1) 0.00073 min?1 0.00055 0.00031 0.00027 While k1 0.0044 SMX; kL-H 0.0284 0.0379 0.0141 SDZ. VA enhanced by use catalyst. Additionally, electrical energy order (EEO) assessed estimate efficiency each process. EEO values were 339.06 kWh/m3/order 449.84 795.31 897.71 On other hand, 14.96 12.07 20.39 62.10 consumption considerably lower than photolysis. This study determined an overall wide range concentrations. Furthermore, when working pH 8 (a typical from wastewater livestock farms) whose resemble characteristics real water samples, that are potential processes treatment low consumption.